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Dr. Ivan Van Sertima - Africa Revisited


I appeared before Congress on July the 7th, 1987. I'd been summoned there to give due cause. Why should not? They should not refer to Columbus's accidental stumble into the Caribbean, which he thought was the back side of India, as a discovery. I remember when I entered the chamber, this gentleman had the Quincentenary commission came up to me and say, You don't mean to say: you come here to say Columbus did not discover America. I said, yes. He said, You must be mad. I said, you look mad to me to. As a result of my presentation, Congress decided to delete the word discovery from official documents. I presented a vast, vast body of evidence. It started as a peculiar accident because I was in the British information services. I never intended to come to America. I'd heard such dark things about America. But I'd heard dark things about most countries. Anyway, I was on my way back. My Prime Minister invited me to read poetry at the occasion of the independence of our country independence celebrations, because I was known then as a poet, and I was on my way back. And Jan Carew, a famous Guyanese author, invited me to come to America. And I said, No, no, no, I'll never go to America. I've heard such dark things about America. No, no, no. He said, Don't be foolish. They're dark things about all places in the world. You come and check it out. So I came there on a Saturday, Sunday morning. He was asleep when I came down into his library and I saw three green books, Africa and the Discovery of America by Leo Wiener. This was done, I think, in the 1920s. The problem with Leo Wiener, however, he was strictly a linguist, and I felt that finding a number of African words in America would not be enough to prove the point, to prove something like that, which would overturn a great amount of thinking, would call for a vast body of evidence in many fields. So I actually began a critique of this 30 years ago. I actually began to attack my own subject. I didn't know it would become my subject because it wasn't good enough. Linguistics. I was trained as a linguist. I know that you could occasionally get a number of words. You would have to prove a lot of things. You would have to have evidence in many fields to prove something like this. So I sent it to the editor and I said, if anyone could show me just a few sculptures or portraits of Africans in America before Columbus, I would take another hard look at this matter because he presented no pictorial proof and he knew nothing about skeletal material, so he couldn't provide skeletal proof. And the editor at Random House, Charles Harris, called me up and said, Van Sertima, something strange has happened on my table. You ended your piece by saying if anyone could show me images of Africans in America before Columbus, I would take another hard look at this matter. And I turned the page and I turned the page and I turned the page. There were seven images of Africans. John Williams, the novelist, author of The Man Who Cried I Am, had been to Mexico and met a strange German last of the royal house of Germany. Hitler put him in charge of the German embassy in D.C. and something happened and he was dismissed. I was later to find out why he was dismissed by Hitler because Hitler sent around a circular saying that everyone in the diplomatic service has to sign a statement saying they are a pure Aryan. And von Wittenau wrote back. Now he was a count the last of the royal house in Germany. It was strange for von Wuthenow, strange for anybody in that position wrote back to say there is no such thing as a pure Aryan. All people have black blood. Oh God, he had to flee after that. Hitler would have gotten him. So I rushed off to Mexico to meet this strange man. And I went to his chateau, and he'd heard about me because I had written him first and told him what I had done. And we sat in that place. Okay. We sat on his steps half the night arguing because he couldn't. You have to show me a hell of a lot of evidence to convince me of something that everybody believes is true history. And he says, I said, I have to see these heads. He said, I have a few in my study. I said, That's not good enough. I have to be sure that they are valid, that you are not making this up. He was a little annoyed by that. He wanted to throw me out of the house, but nonetheless I persisted. You have to prove this to me. I need to see sculptures of these people. And he says they're not in the big museums. They don't take chances like that. In the big museums, you have to go to private collections. And the next day he started to take me to private collections and I was utterly stunned. You would be surprised how much history is hidden in private museums. They don't allow these things in the big places. It's just like in Egypt. I am responsible for returning to the modern Egyptians. The splinters of the sphinx's, nose and chin which Napoleon's army blew off. A friend of mine, Garland Roberts, an adventurer. He was in England. He went into the British Museum and he found that they had the splinters of the sphinx's nose and chin. How he did that. But he's a he's a fellow. He's he's a daredevil. He would risk his life just to prove a point. And I says, you go back there, I'm going to pay your way to Britain. You go back and photograph the damn thing. Pretend you are a, you know, messenger boy. Whatever it is, get a job there. Get the damn thing. And he brought back startling pictures. And I called Cheikh Anta Diop, the head of the radiocarbon laboratory in Dakar. He's dead now. He was the leading African scientist. And I got in touch with him and I told him what had happened. And I got in touch with Gamal Abdel Mokhtar, the Arab delegate at Unesco. Cheikh Anta was at Unesco, too, and I got in touch with I told Carla Roberts, you know, he has to be on the phone. And and we started the conversation with the British Museum. And I started off by saying, Sir, we understand and we have hard visual proof that you have the splinters of the sphinx's nose and chin in your museum. And I have the Arab delegate at Unesco here and the African delegate that, etcetera. And we'd like to. The return of the splendid sphinx's nose and chin to the Egyptians. Now, now, now. Van Sertima. We can't do that. See, most of the things we have in our museums come from all over the world. If we started returning things to this in that country, we'll have no museums. I said, Sir, we are not asking you to destroy the museum. This is a specific object. This is a matter of the very gravest importance I have. On the line with me. Gamal Abdul Mokhtar, the Arab delegate. Cheikh Anta Diop, the African delegate myself. Roberts, who has proved that the pieces that he photographed them. He said, Well, we will consider it. Do you know she spoke? I had a French translator. Shakuntala spoke. I spoke. Alan Roberts spoke. Do you know the Arab delegate? We are returning it to the bloody Arabs, you know. He never said a bloody word because the Arabs are not Egyptian or make any mistake about that. It's just like we are in this room here. This is America. It would be hard to find a Native American in this room. The world has changed dramatically. There have been half a dozen invasions of Egypt, the Persians, the Greeks, the Syrians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Arabs. That is not Egypt. Egypt is no longer Egyptian. They have not a damn thing to do with the building of the pyramids. We now have hard proof, very hard proof that Egypt was African when the pyramids were built. There is no question about it. This is not guesswork. This is not theory. We found the skeletons in the ancient graves. We found sculptures which you never see when you go to Egypt. They don't put those things on display. But now we have the hard proof, and I'll deal with that later when we come to deal with the Egyptian section of this lecture. But I appeared before the congressional committee and I presented 12 witnesses, all European, because they're going to say I'm Afrocentric if I show them African Africans said this. No, no, no. I'm going to take the very people that you think you will listen to. Columbus is the first person I say that's how I began. I'm not the first person to suggest there were Africans in America before Columbus. Christopher Columbus is the first person to say that. He actually says in the Journal of the Second Voyage that when he was in Haiti, Native Americans came to them and told them that black skinned people had come from the south and southeast, trading in gold teeth, metal spears. Columbus may or may not have believed, but he actually collected samples of these spears that were sent back to Spain. They were meticulously, microscopically examined in Spain, and they were found to be identical, not just similar, identical with spears being forged in African, Guinea or 32 parts, 18 were of gold, six of silver and eight of copper. Not only were they identical metallurgically, the words the Africans were using for these spears were the words the Americans were using. African words for gold. Ghana. That's why it's called Ghana Gold Empire. The Golden Empire. And I checked it out in several African languages. Psarocolius Soninke Ghazala Khan via Mandakini Kisi kani. Kono Kani Pulis Kani. That's the word for gold, and that's the word Americans are using. And they have their own bloody gold word. Why are they using this strange word and presenting material which, when checked out when the metallurgists checked it out in Europe, they found the spears were identical in their ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys. How could you have linguistic and mythological identities like that? It is utterly impossible. Not only that, I then went beyond that. I not just showed Columbus. Ferdinand wrote a book about his father, and he said, My father told me. That he saw Negroes north of Honduras. Columbus wasn't the so-called Negro. Looks like he was in Africa. That's how my book began. Columbus sitting at table in Africa arguing with the Portuguese. I tracked this man down. It is possible when you become very famous, people could track every little thing who you slept with, who you tried to kill, who slept with your wife or your husband. Everything. And one found a hell of a lot of stuff on this long, or rather, this villain. He did some horrible things. He's known as the great discoverer, Ferdinand said. My father told me he saw Negroes north of Honduras. He not only heard of them in Haiti, actually saw them north of Honduras. Vasco Nunez de Balboa on September the 25th. In the year 1513. I've got it down to the day. He's coming down the slopes of Quarcoo in Darien, which we now call Panama. And he and his men saw two tall black men. Among the Native Americans are startled. They haven't brought no black people there. Several of them commented on it. Peter Martell said they must have been shipwrecked. He also said there were Ethiopians. Well, Ethiopians. The word Ethiopian is not used for people of Ethiopia. The reason why Ethiopia gets that Ethiopians means burnt skin. People of burnt skin would generally call them Ethiopian, so it's not referring to Ethiopia. Peter Martyr said there must have been shipwrecks. Lopez de Gomara said these blacks Balboa saw in the Indies were identical with the blacks we saw in Guinea. Rodrigo de Colmenares saw blacks. Captain of Balboa saw blacks east of the Gulf of San Miguel. Alfonso, the Cataphract reported in his book Study of Panama. No L'abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg was a guy who went to Panama, said there were two distinct people in Panama, the mandinga black skin and the tall red skin. The red skin would be the Native American and Alfonse the Cataphracts presents us with a map showing blacks in various places in early America. The crews of Brazil, the Yamasee of Florida and the Caribs of the Black Caribs of Saint Vincent pre-Columbian. Alonso Ponce cites them of compassion. Mexico rivapalacio him of Tegucigalpa and the Nicaraguan Honduran border. Ramon pioneer priest speaks of them as the black gold traders fray. Gregorio Garcia cites them of Cartagena, Colombia. A dozen Europeans. Christopher Columbus. Ferdinand Columbus. Vasco Nunez De Balboa. Peter Martir Lopez de Gomara. Rodrigo de Colmenares. Alfonso de Catafalques L'abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg. Alonso Ponce Rivapalacio. Ramon Pan Fry. Gregorio Garcia. Seeing things that are not there, probably blacks are haunting their dreams. It's absurd. You cannot have 12 eyewitnesses. The event that never happened and I have not just 12 eyewitnesses. That is just one piece of evidence. I have 12 pieces. So it's not just the eyewitnesses that the metallurgical evidence that it was tested, they were found to be identical in the ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys as per being forged for spares being forged in African Guinea, 18 parts gold, six silver, eight copper. How could you have identities like that? Then there's the linguistic identities which I just mentioned Psarocolius and Inca Gatzaga. Vivendi Konappu went through half a dozen African languages to check out the word, and they're using the same bloody word that the Americans are using. How is that possible? If it was a European, he only need one piece of evidence I'm giving you seven. Could you deny that? And it doesn't stop there. There is the botanical evidence. Take the banana. We use the word banana for the banana. But that's not the African word for the banana. The word for the banana is bakoko. In Africa, banana is an Arab word. The Africans didn't have bananas. Bananas were introduced into Africa by the Arabs very early and they have a different word for it. Banana. They do not have banana. They have bakoko. I have checked the bakoko word because they found bananas in Peru. Peru didn't have bananas. pre-Columbian Peru is not supposed to have. They didn't have original bananas. The banana. The reason why we found the banana is because when they buried their dead, they would have ceremonies every year, the year of the the the day of the death. And they would put fruit in the grave. And among the fruit they put in the grave was the banana. And they do not have original they do not originally have bananas. That has been checked out. It's only found in these graves. If they were eating the banana, we'd find out the kind of evidence. And the word for the banana in Peru is the same as the word for the Africans. Have we call it banana, but the Africans call it bakoko. So I started checking out the words in Peru, How did this banana appear? They don't have bananas at that time in South America and found in Galibi. It's back in Oyapock. It's back in Yampi is these are all South American languages in Yampi it's Baco man. Tupi is Paco because and are interchangeable plosives and in Apiacas is Paco in Puri it's bajo. So you have Paco. Paco, Paco, Paco, Paco, Paco. Barbacoa. Bajo can't happen unless you have a connection, a very early connection. And then comes the oceanographic evidence. Because most people say here is Africa and here is America. How could the Africans cross? They only have canoes that Tarzan can turn over in the movies. That is not that's another myth. Again, first of all, there are two things here that they did not take into account. I lived on the river. My father was superintendent of road and river transport over area that was as large as Scotland and Wales. I grew up in the river. Grew up in the river and my mother and father were divorced. That was the first divorce in our country, recorded divorce in our country. They later remarried. That was the first recorded remarriage in our country. Would not advise you to do it. It doesn't work. Anyway, they did it in order to save the children. And I am grateful to them. But they suffered. But anyway, to come back, you have this knowledge. I have this knowledge of currents because I used to swim three and a half miles across the water to the air base. That was a big thing to show how you are. You know, boys are like that. They always playing the ass, trying to prove they're strong. Several of us drunk. So you could see what I mean by playing the fool. Anyway, I used to swim across the river, so I was extremely strong and I knew about currents because most people think the river is just like that. No, the river is alive in certain parts of the falls in Guyana, the water is running as fast as the motor car. You don't have to have an engine. You have to know how to steer or it hits you against the rock and you blow into pieces. The water moves as fast as the motor car. And in those waters, they do not move as fast as the motor car, the great rivers, but they move with force and take you places. And we've discovered three currents of Africa that take you automatically to America. There's one of the Cape Verde, one of the Senegambia Coast, one of the southern coast of Africa. Once you are caught in those currents, you have to come to America unless the fish gets you first, whether you have an engine or not. The water is the engine. It's very powerful. And it's exactly where those currents end that we find the African presence. It goes to Mexico. It goes into other parts of America. It goes to Brazil. Recently found. Listen to this. Look at the lies involved here. They recently found an African Negro woman. I say Negro because not all blacks are Negro. The African has six faces. For example, if you were in a dry African climate, you have a narrow nose. If you're in a wet or moist African climate, you have a broad nose. Most people don't know that. They don't have to have six types of Africans. The Nilotic type, They're all black. Have the nilotic type, the so-called true Negro type, the the all sorts of types they have. And I have in my new book, the Faces of the various types. And all of these types appear. But what is most extraordinary is the evidence we have of their ships. They had the ships. Thor Heyerdahl became world famous because he got the Buduma people on Lake Chad to build a boat that the Africans built before Christ. Thor Heyerdahl used the border Africans built before Christ. They showed him the model. They built the boat. He financed it. A boat they were using before Christ, and it crossed the Atlantic successfully. Heyerdahl told me. Van Sertima We did not even have to fish. The fish jumped on board because in those in those currents are millions of fish. Millions. And it wasn't just hired. Bombard also tested African boats. And they made it in less time than Vespucci. You have several if you study the the work I have done in in the new book Early America Revisited, you see, these guys made it in less time than the European boats because of their knowledge of the currents and their not only currents of the Cape or of the Senegambia coast of the southern coast of Africa that take you to America. The currents that spin you back towards Africa. We have an evidence of a boat, American boat, Native Americans landing in Africa, 62 BC. There were seven in the boat because it was an accident. They were taken because the currents that not only take you there and pull you back, you don't have any evidence of Europeans doing that. We have it in Native American 62 B.C. that is in my book. They came before Columbus. And apart from this oceanographic evidence, there's the navigational evidence. That's the boats. The Africans had the boats. The Africans built the boat for Heidel. Heidel became world famous about how he crossed the Atlantic. He didn't build the boat. It was Africans who built the boat for him, a boat they had used before Christ, the Buduma people on Lake Chad. It's in my new book, Early America. You see the boat? The Africans built it. They could easily have crossed. And when you cross, the current actually takes you into the Caribbean, to Brazil or parts of South America, Mexico, etcetera. Recently, the listen to this. Look at the cheating going on. Look at the profound dishonesty of scientists. They found a Negro woman in Brazil, in Brazil, where the currents come from Africa., Brazil, etcetera. They found the Negro woman in Brazil 12,500 years old. That is even before the Native Americans. Now, Negroes always came from Africa, but it was so embarrassing that they suggested, yes, it's a Negro, but it came from Asia., This is Brazilian or Brazil is on the Atlantic coast. To come from Asia, you have to get a boat that's going to take you all the way to South America. And then you you have no currents may take you help you to get to South America, but then you have to walk to Brazil. Then you get the tip. You have to walk, walk all the way to Brazil to drop your skull. The New York Times ran the story like that, you know, thinking. And they even changed the name when they found this Negroid woman. They call her Luisa, because the first human being found, the North, is Lucy in Africa. So they called her Luisa. But when it got to the New York Times, they call her Malherbe or Malherbe or something like that. And she comes from Asia. Niggers don't come from Africa anymore. They come from Asia. You find them in the wrong time, in the wrong place. Jesus Christ. I mean, how far can you take this nonsense? It is absurd. You find also skeletal evidence. Listen to this, because I have to be very careful here. I was in two intelligence services in the world, the intelligence service and the British intelligence service. And you're not supposed to tell secrets. So I have to say this in a way that shows that I don't know nothing. Found two African skeletons in the United States Virgin Islands at Hull Bay, Saint Thomas. These skeletons were found in a strata or layer of art, which is dated to 1250, 82 and one half centuries before Columbus. But they could not date the bones. Something strange had entered the bones of these skeletons. Now I know why something strange had happened. What? Why? Something strange had entered because of something that was done in that area. And I'm not allowed to talk about it. All I can say is not far from Cuba. And Cuba was giving us some trouble, and we had to tell Castro, Come on, you're the world power, so don't play the fool with us. We'll teach you a lesson. That's all I'm allowed to say. I went down to the Virgin Islands when I heard about these skeletons. And they promised. I shamed Vassilios. The archeologists of the island. I spoke to the whole university. A big crowd shamed him. He said he'd allow me to see the skeletons come there by 12:00 the next day I arrived 10 to 12, raced across the island, arrived at 10 to 12. The door was locked. Well, I am a very nice person. When I get angry, I'm not very nice. So I ran at the door. Wham! Shook the place. The police came out. What are you doing here, sir? I was invited here. You know the police. Don't you see? The place is closed? Yes, sir. But it's very strange that it should be closed. I was invited here. I was to come here by to move along. Sir, we have to rest. You and I moved along. But fortunately for me, friends on the island who'd heard of my interest? And I'd spoken to the university there. They took me to a rock pool at Saint John's. That was Saint Thomas, where they found the skeleton. They took me to the rock pool at Saint John's in the Virgin Islands, and they wanted to show me carvings of tropical animals. When I saw these carvings, I said, No, no, no, no, no, no. That is not evidence. Those tropical animals are in both places, both Africa and America. But as I was preparing to leave, the light of the sun shone on the rock just above the rock pool. And I looked down and I saw a strange formation, dots and crescents. And I said, Nature cannot do that. Nature cannot do that because it will wash against the rock and it may cause a kind of cleavage in the rock, but they can't make perfect curves and dots. Dots on cars cannot do that. So I went down there and I cleaned the rock and I photographed it. I sent it to various parts of the world. I sent it to Africa. So someone in Africa and Ghana said, It's okay now. My son. And I said, Send me evidence of the green nominee sign. And he sent it to me. And I said, No, no, no, don't waste my time, man. That doesn't look anything like the green sign. But I kept taking it the wrong. And eventually Dr. Barry fell of Harvard. He's dead now. He'd written America, B.C. The New York Times ran three pages attacking me and fell. I brought out. They came before Columbus. Barry fell, brought out to America BC He was dealing with other kinds of contacts. I was dealing with African contact and New York Times ran three pages attacking me and fell. They wouldn't even allow anybody in America. But fortunately for me, Dr. Clarence Wynn, the oldest of American archeologists who had been on the place where they found the stone heads with African faces, he wrote a marvelous essay on me because he was the oldest American archeologist. They couldn't kick out his essay. So he says, I am absolutely convinced. Of the soundness of uncertain conclusions. In spite of all that, it came through. But look now the skeletons. We cannot move on because recently we have another clone who entered the Virgin Islands. And he is saying now that even though are in Strata 1250 AD, these skeletons could not be they are could not be Africans because they have could not be proper Africans because they have something to eat. You know it have some problem with the teeth and Africans cannot have that problem because they are some sort of nonsense, but they don't eat certain things, you know, So that I mean, the most absurd I mean, I find it difficult to remember it because it is so absurd. I do not know how long I could keep it in my golden brain. I mean, these people are awesome. I mean, look, look what incredible evidence. If I did not find that script which was translated, plunge into cleanse yourself. This is what of a ritual ablution before prayer. Because Barry Fell says it's Libyan. So I sent the Libyan Department of Antiquities and they came up with the translation Plunge into cleanse yourself. This is water for ritual ablution before prayer. And then comes a map. It's in my new book, A Map of Brazil that shows independent black settlements in Brazil, pre-Columbian. And then comes the oral evidence. In Mali, they speak of a King Abubakari, the second who wanted to cross the ocean because he felt there was land beyond. And he appears. The Mexicans report this strange black man in white robes appearing and it is also reported by the Arabs because Mansa Musa went to Cairo. He's a muslim and he went to Cairo. And when he was in Cairo, he talked about they asked him what happened to your brother? And he told him that he wanted to cross the ocean and he never came back. And it's recorded by the Arabs in Al-qalqashandi and the massively collapse after Mamali Kmci-tv. So that's the documented evidence. Then there's the iconographic evidence. So I've presented 12 pieces of evidence, eye witness accounts, mythological evidence, linguistic evidence, botanical evidence, oceanographic evidence, navigational evidence, skeletal evidence, epigraphic evidence, the script cartographic evidence, a map oral evidence of the Mali griots documented evidence the Arabs, the al-qalqashandi dramatically collapse are the Mamluk and Amsar and the iconographic evidence that is. You look at my book and you're going to see sculptures of Africans. There's everything. The texture of the hair, the shape of the faces, lips, noses, everything. One of the things they found and I'm not going to talk about it at this point in the lecture later they found something that is so astonishing that they are utterly embarrassed and that was found after. But here is the 13, ten, 13, 11 journeys where I present 12 pieces of evidence. I did not know of an even earlier visit because that is what I presented to Congress and they decided to delete the word discovery. So let me make it quite clear Truth trust to the ground will rise again. We come to another part of this book. Something that happened before Christ., Egyptians made a journey across the Atlantic. How did they do that? Why did they do that? How do we know that they do it? They did it. Listen carefully. Do not confuse modern Egypt with ancient Egypt. These are two totally different worlds. Here we are in America, and it would be very difficult to find an American in this room. We call ourselves Americans because we are in America. We are American citizens. But there are African people here, European people, perhaps Asian people, but no Americans. I am part American. I am part museum and part African. But it would be difficult to find an American audience that is pure American. That's why Egypt. Do you go to Egypt and you say the Arab is not an Egyptian? The people who built the pyramids were not Arabs. I know, man, because I am responsible for returning to the bloody Arabs. The splinters of the Sphinx's nose and chin and the Arabs do not want to remake it because it looks Negro. We can go into the graves, we can go into the graves and we find the hard, hard evidence. The skeletal evidence is overwhelming. But you see, Egypt was so rich, the Africans were so extraordinary and they were not superior people. You don't have inferior and superior people. This is what makes you superior and inferior. A certain vision of the world. A certain vision of yourself. Many of us have been destroyed. Reduced because we've been made to accept other people's vision of us. Look at Hitler. Hitler was a bloody lunatic. He threw him in prison in his early 20s. Hitler was walking around the prison like this. Guards bowed to him. Was an awesome person, boy. I mean, he was evil, but he was awesome. Napoleon to Napoleon wasn't even a Frenchman. Most people don't know that I am destined to glorify a people I hate. Could you imagine that as Napoleon? I read his diaries. I am destined to glorify a people I hate. And then one thing I regret most in my life, this is Napoleon. The one thing I regret most in my life is that I did not make two. I did not make the black Tue-sat. Governance of Haiti. I blame it on my black wife. Do you know Napoleon was married to mulatto from the West Indies, which we would call black hair. But do you know she was the prejudiced one? Not Napoleon. Napoleon wanted to make Toussaint governor of Haiti. His wife said no. Why would you give up territory to a nigger? It's as crude as that. So bear in mind, here I am responsible. I financed a telephone link up between Gamal Abdel Mukhtar, the Arab delegate at Unesco, Cheikh Anta Diop, the African delegate to Unesco. Myself, the representative of the British Museum, Garland Roberts, who flung the pieces, and another gentleman who did translations from the French and the British. No, no. Van Sertima we can't do that because if we start returning this item and that item to this, than that museum will have no museum. I said, So are we not asking you to return everything from your museums? We are well aware of the things that have been taken from other museums and other places. This is a very specific thing. It is of no value to you. You can't show it. What is the point? You can't show the splinters of the nose. Nobody's interested in splinters, but the nose back on. The Arabs do. Mukhtar, the Arab delegate, never said a bloody word. Boy, he don't want no nigger nose interfering with the tourist trade in Egypt. He's as crude as that. Why Egypt is no longer Egyptian. There is another people who built the pyramids. The Syrians attacked in 654 BC. The Persians attacked in 550 BC. The Greeks attacked in 320 BC. The Romans attacked just before and after Christ. The Arabs attacked 638 to 640 AD That is why Egypt is no longer Egyptian. They have nothing to do with the building of the pyramids. If you go back in the graves, we have found hard evidence in the graves that the Egyptians were Africans. Let me listen to the anthropologists, all the great anthropologists. They because this is hidden. This doesn't come out in history books. The earliest human fossil found in Egypt was a skeleton of the Nazlet Carter man found near Tahta, Egypt, which was dated 35,000 to 30,000 years before Christ. Regarding the racial affinity of the skeleton, Thoma concludes strong alveolar prognathism combined with fossil prenasalis and an African scholar suggested a negroid morphology. He proves it's a Negro. Then comes Bendorf, 1982, Wendorf. The skeleton discovered the skeleton at Wadi Kubani, located 10 to 15km north of Aswan in Egypt. This skeleton dated to approximately 20,000 years before Christ. The wide nasal aperture, lower nasal margin morphology presence of the sulcus prenasalis widened orbital distance and alveolar prognathism demonstrate affinities with broad African variants. All of the great anthropologists Archeologists., Fehrenbach, Benndorf, Stuart Green, Armelagos Reitmeier Crawford. All of them prove that those early Egyptians in the pyramid age were African. That's the reason why Mokhtar, the Arab delegate, doesn't want a Negro nose on the Sphinx because they don't want to be late back. But the Germans sent me. I have it in my new book. You see a beautiful color photograph showing you what the world was 1200 years before Christ. The black is on top of the world. He's in charge of Egypt. There's no question about it. And they built the pyramids. The Japanese came to my friend Cheikh Anta Diop seeking advice and building a pyramid. And Cheikh Anta Diop said, Do not use bronze tools. And the Japanese said, How could you say that? The last stage of the Egyptian was the Bronze Age. And he says the last age is not best age. There you cannot the Japanese would not listen. They went there. They made such a mess, they had to throw them out. Bronze tools and tools broke. He had to use air jackhammers in order to cut the stone and they could not cut it. The stone the ancient blacks in Egypt did. Let me tell you, this is scientists reporting with amazement at how these Africans cut stone. The mean variation of the cutting of the stone from a straight line and from a true square is but 0.01in in a length of 75in up the face, an amount of accuracy equal to most modern opticians. Straight edges of such a length. In other words, we only cut eyeglasses like that, These joints with an area of some 35ft² each were not only worked as finely as this, but were cemented throughout, though the stones were brought as close as 1/500 of an inch or in fact into contact. And the mean opening of the joint was 1/50 of an inch. He had the builders managed to fill the joint with cement, despite the great area of it, and the weight of the stone to be moved some 16 tons to merely place such stones in exact contact with the sides would be careful work, but to do so with cement in the joints is almost impossible. This is Flinders Petrie, our inheritance of the Great Pyramid, London, 1874. Thus the builders of these great monoliths quarried and cut stone within 1/1000 of an inch of mathematical perfection, and raised the manmade mountain as meticulously as we cut gems. There are approximately 2,300,000 blocks of stone which comprise the Great Pyramid, these individual blocks away from 2.5 tons to 70 tons. As much as a railroad locomotive originally covered an area of 13.1 acres. The Great Pyramid listened to this. As I close on this part, the Great Pyramid contains more stone than all the churches, chapels and cathedrals built in England since the time of Christ. If all the stone in this pyramid were sawed into blocks, one foot in an edge, and these were laid end to end, they would stretch two thirds of the way around the globe. At the equator, the Great Pyramid contains enough stone to construct 30 Empire State buildings., If you really knew what the African was doing, most of us would not be behaving like inferiors. Bit of a challenge. The system a long time ago. Africans had a fixation about seven. They had a fixation about seven. They created the seven day week. There is no such thing, you know. The Africans noticed in Egypt that there are seven orifices in the human body. I can't mention all of them. There are seven primary colors in the rainbow. Violet. Indigo. Blue. Green. Yellow. Orange, red. There are seven notes in the musical scale. There are seven layers of skin. There are seven parts of the human brain. There are seven parts of the human eye. Seven is critical in the ages of man. Seven is the age of reason. 14. Seven years later, Puberty. 21. Seven years later. Maturation. Seven, seven. Seven. Seven, seven. That is why they created the seven deadly sins. Christ was in Egypt. He's not an Egyptian. He's a Jew. He was born in Jerusalem. But he went to Egypt. Read Jews out of Egypt. Shall I call my son? He was brought back to Jerusalem, where he was crucified. Seven deadly sins, seven cardinal virtues, seven days of the week. That's the Africans created the seven day week. There's no such thing. Seven, seven, seven, seven, seven. And then they sent out seven ships across the water. Now they had intimate interconnections with the rest of Africa. Have found evidence of that. Lugard reports a visit to the Egyptian pharaohs to Hausa land. We have found in Harris, where Diop was very helpful to me. The upward of Benga Obenga two weeks ago introduced me to an audience in California. Benga is the most remarkable African scholar in the world at the moment. Srikanta Diop was before, but he died and I managed to make contact with these gentlemen Anta and I had a nice quarrel about tobacco because Uganda was the only African who was allowed to examine mummies in a certain part of Egypt. And he found tobacco. In this this mommy. And I was explaining to him that the Africans have their tobacco. The Americans have their tobacco. And I was pointing out that certain distinctions could be made between the two tobaccos and that in my book they're using the same term. And I explained why they're using the same term because of a certain kind of pre-Columbian contact. But that is not the same tobacco. Well. He surrendered and that he was the most remarkable man. I want to dedicate this lecture to him because he had the most profound impact on so many of us. Invited him. We invited him to the Nile Valley Conference and his plane crashed. He didn't die and he had to be run moved from rushed from the burning plane. And I told him, do not come by plane. The next time you are to go and visit your wife in France and then you to do overland and then you to take another kind of ship. But do not let it be known where you're moving. Okay. We are not to talk on the telephone. You have to be very careful about that. The up came that that was a marvelous occasion. He was the most remarkable man I have ever met. And we had these marvelous conversations. ET cetera. But I knew he would die soon because, like John Clark, I noticed it with him, too. They do not pay attention to what they're eating. After you get 60, you have to pay close attention to what you're eating. You can't just eat any old thing because it it dies there and it's not buried easily. So be very careful. I'm 65 and I know I exercise every day. Okay? And that's what saved my life last year. I was rushed to hospital last year. These crooks in the hospital, they want to make money because they know Rutgers pays most of the bill. So they want to make money, not tell them they have all sorts of things. In my heart, I said there's nothing wrong with my heart. Yes, they have all these sorts of things in my heart. Three days in the hospital and I don't know what's happening. So I got really mad. And when I get mad, I get real mad. I grew up in the bush and when I get mad, I behave like a bushman and all the all the civilized cover that disappears completely. I just car smash up things, etcetera. And so they came and held me down. I said, I want to leave right now. They said, Well, you can't leave. You know, you're very ill. Something wrong with your heart? I said, There's nothing wrong with my heart. He said, Well, if you leave now, you have to pay the bill. I said, Well, I've only been here three days. Yes, but your bill is $5,500. Say, Well, I'll stay. So they said. I said, but okay, I make a deal with you, put me on a treadmill if you think there's something wrong with my heart. And I ran a mile at full speed and then they shook their head, Well, you're on a bit of stress, but if you had run that mile away, you ran it and there was something wrong with your heart, you would have died. I said, Thank you very much for being so truthful at last. To come back, the incredible things that we find now we found in America. Not that the Egyptians made a trip to America. They sent out seven ships. He found it in a tomb in Egypt where these ships, seven ships are heading towards the west. Seven was everything to them. So they sent out seven ships. And we have we have it in this. I'm painting among the Rameses around 1200 B.C., these seven ships heading towards the west, and we find intimate interconnections between the Egyptians and the rest of the Africans, because people could say, okay, Egypt is separate today. It is because the Egyptians are no longer Egyptians, just like the Americans are no longer Americans. You come into this room and it would be hard to find a Native American. You go to Egypt and it's hard to find an Egyptian. So be very careful about the past and the present. These words have changed dramatically. And so. We have lots of evidence of their links to the rest of Africa. Cheikh Anta Diop and Theophile Obenga presented and it's in my new book, more than 100 Words in Wolof, a West African language, the language of Cheikh Anta Diop, more than 100 words which are identical in all their forms. That is utterly impossible. Unesco surrendered all of these big professors with all their big degrees, and so they had to surrender because these two super Africans prove beyond them, beyond the shadow of a doubt that that's all a lot of nonsense. This is clearly what we say it is. And they surrender. It has been established beyond the shadow of a doubt. The connections between Egypt and the rest of Africa were extraordinary. Have Lady Lu reporting on a visit of Egyptian pharaohs to Hausaland. An Egyptian golden breastplate found in an ancient lake in Nigeria. More than 100 Egyptian words in all their forms and variants found in Wolof Diop's language the African word for God. What is the word for God? Amen. You use it in your prayers. That's African. Amen. Jesus was in Egypt, you know, out of Egypt. Shall I call my son? He wasn't in Egyptian. He was a Jew. But he went to Egypt. He was smuggled out by his uncle because they were killing off the firstborn. That's how Jesus landed up in Egypt. The seven day week is Egyptian Egyptian golden breastplate found in ancient Nigeria. As I say, nearly a hundred Egyptian words in all their forms presented to Unesco. Unesco had to surrender. They couldn't believe it. Obenga and Diop proved that beyond the shadow of a doubt, they even take the word for God. What is the word for God in Egypt? Amen. You saying it and you praise. That's Africa. Amen.. And Amen is Egyptian and arm is West African. Comes from that and Yam is East African. So you have amen and amen Egyptian and arm West African and yam. East African. Don't think everything is lost. There are all sorts of clues left in the past and that if you learn certain things you can pick them up so they can't fool us anymore. And we find the incredible things that they did, the building of the pyramids and all these things, but they also built remarkable ships. And we have evidence not only they show their ships moving, but they show it is shown among the Americans the Popol Vuh, the Bible, the K'iche Maya. I have the Bible, the Quiché Maya that shows blacks arrived in America and before Christ Champollion supports that Liverpool support level. Liverpool supports that too. Hagan supports that. Sorenson supports that. Soderberg supports that. Rossellini supports that. I've been through all these documents. They're finding these things and people are just pushing them aside. But not anymore. Then came the clincher I was invited to before the Columbus celebration. I was invited to the Smithsonian, the leading scientific institution in this country, hoping to wipe me out before 49. Before 1992. My opponent surrendered, showed them the seven grade dots. Who can argue with no sculpture in America has seven braids. Seven is everything to the African Egyptian. He created the seven day week because he found there's seven parts to the human brain. Seven parts to the human eye. Seven. Seven notes in the musical scale. Seven Primary colors in the rainbow. Seven orifices in the human body. Seven layers of skin. You can't argue with that. So he he invented the seven day week. All this thing about God created the world in six days and rested in the seventh. That is taken by the Christians from the Egyptians. Jesus was in Egypt. Even the word Christ. He's not Jesus Christ. He's Jesus the Christ. Christ is an Egyptian word. Christ Christ. He arrested the Anointed One. That's how he became the Christ. Don't dismiss him, okay? I'm just pointing out the terms. Okay. He was in Egypt. Out of Egypt. We read Hosea. Out of Egypt. Shall I call my son? He wasn't born in Egypt, but he was smuggled out in Egypt because Herod was killing the firstborn. And he appears among the Egyptian doctors. And so you get certain evidences like that. And I've checked out this. I have so many sources, Champollion reporting the seven ships arriving from across the water Champollion, Lefebure, Sahagun, Sorensen, Saleh, Soderbergh, Rossellini and above all, the Bible of the K'iche Maya. They destroyed so many books in America, but they didn't enjoy. They didn't destroy all the Bibles of the Quiché. Maya So we have that reporting, these dark skinned people arriving on seven ships, and these they have the seven ships. And then we have the clincher. We have a map of South America found in ancient Egypt. With correct latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates. I showed that NASA was the first person to go to NASA to study blacks in space. You don't even know what it's not only we don't know the history, we don't even know what's happening. Do you know the leading technical astronaut in our space team is a black man, Colonel Gregory. He has restructured the cockpit of our spaceships. Do you know that the leading woman in our space team is a black woman, Dr. Christine Darden? She's reshaping our airplane so that in the next in the 21st century, we've just entered certain airplanes, not just the the the exotic airplanes would be able to fly faster than some. Do you know that? No. I had to go there. I nearly died at NASA because they invited me, along with delegates from all over the world, China and Russia, to witness the blastoff of the first black American in space. And I did not realize I have different ears. I grew up in a forest. I hear lights. I thought everybody heard lights. You have to hear differently in the forest because snakes you can't see. Snakes. Snakes take on the color of trees and foliage. Therefore, you have to hear that when he starts. You have to hear that. Are you dead? I didn't know I had different ears. I thought everybody heard lights. I'm standing these Russian and Chinese delegates and I'm standing. This is five and a half miles away from the spaceship. This is an awesome thing. It's bigger than a house. Are we going to send shoot it off into space? And they start to come down and they stopped something wrong and I start looking overseas. How could something be wrong? You know, a big thing like that with all this incredible thing, if it explodes, what would happen? Then it started to come down again. The third time they start to count down, you had this tremendous noise and I fell over. Because my ears blood came out of my ears because I hear differently from urban people. I grew up in a jungle. I hear different. So that that that really startled the hell out of me. I never went back to NASA after that. I learned enough about it. It's in a book, Blacks in Science, Ancient and Modern. You see me with the leading technical astronaut. ET cetera. And you would be amazed what blacks are doing in this country. Totally unknown. Bell Labs employs more than a thousand black scientists. They created the transoceanic cable. They were major in that development. They reshaping our airplanes. They remade the cockpit of the space shuttle. You never hear about that. If a black commits a crime, yeah, that's news. But when he does something extraordinary. Oh, my God, no. There's something mistake here. It's like The New York Times calling the black Val Herbie so nobody would think it's a black. Now they're saying this Negro they found in Brazil came from Asia. Could you imagine that she's going to take a ship all the way to the edge of South America and walk all the way up to Brazil because they know I'm taking you out? Walk all the way to Brazil to drop a bloody skull. This is the state of the world we are in. But let me show you the slides now, because you have to see some of these things to believe them. So if we could shift to the slides. The one more thing I must say. Just one more thing. Very important. They have found a map of South America in ancient Egypt. It was known as the Piri Reis map because of a Turkish admiral who found it there. And it has correct latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates. No European could have drawn such a map until after 1744 when the chronometer was invented. Yet the Africans had it before Christ.


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EZCC Congregation Oblations, Hymns, and Chants


Coptic Times - Text Transcriptions


Coptic Times No. 1 & 2 - MP3 Audio Transcriptions


African Scholars - Text Transcriptions







Before Columbus - Dr. Ivan Van Sertima


My subject today is Egyptian science. It takes, in fact, a great deal of courage to attempt such a subject because Egypt, unlike any other civilization, ranged over three millennia and its science begins very early indeed. Our science today, modern science, the efflorescence of modern science, the flowering of modern science, the high point of modern science only ranges over about a century.


Several developments have been going on for a few centuries. But the things that we are seeing now moving with great speed every day now there is a new invention. The Egyptians had a tremendous advantage and over 3000 years. So many things have happened that is quite impossible, partly through the lack of records, but partly through the fact that we have even when we find records, we are overwhelmed by the data and some of it has not yet been interpreted. The Egyptians had the most remarkable science of ancient times. Now, one could not begin a discussion of Egyptian technology or Egyptian science without first pointing out who are the Egyptians? I think in this church. It is taking already for granted that the original Egyptians were black, and that is largely the case. There is no question now about it. Not only was Egypt original, Egypt largely black, dominantly black, but it was culturally African. It was technologically African. Its religion was African, its language was African. The discovery of Crystal in Nubia and at Hierakonpolis of elements that were later to flower in Egypt. These are found south of Egypt, where there has been no question of the black bass. You will have find these empires, particularly at coastal at Coastal in Nubia, where Bruce Williams discovered Seal and Williams discovered this enormous royal cemetery of 33 tombs. And in these tombs, they found hundreds of shattered pots and stoneware vessels, and they brought them back to United States. They were patched together. You could tell from the microscopic cracks how they could be fitted together. And then they found, having fitted it together laboriously over quite a number of years, that the Falcon God Horus, the chief god of the Egyptians, originated in the Sudan even before it moved up into Egypt. They find a dozen black kings reigned in the Nile Valley even before even before Scorpion and Narmer, the first of the great Egyptian kings. They find that the hieroglyphs, the world's first major writing system, which was the fact of the writing systems in the world, are the major writing systems that is also found written by the Black Kings and the blacks that are found south of the Egyptian world at least two centuries before the Egyptian dynasty There also you find the sedex, the palace facades, all the elements, all the political and religious elements that have become associated with Egyptian central organization, Egyptian philosophy, Egyptian religion, all the things that decorate the kings, all the things that have become part of the royal paraphernalia, all of these things are found first among the blacks in the Sudan as they move up into Egypt. There comes the question, But are these Egyptians black? And the reason why this is brought in question is two reasons. There are two reasons. The one is the obvious one prejudice. The obvious one is easy to deal with, because there you have when Egypt was rediscovered by Europeans, when the Greeks saw it at first, thousands of years ago, they knew that the people were black. They made it quite clear that these were not only black skinned people, but wooly haired, because people have contended that you have dark Europeans like Italians, etcetera, in Southern Europe, etcetera, and the dark skinned does not make you black. And that the English, for example, have a habit of calling anybody darker than them. Black They call the Spanish black. Okay. This was used at the conference until Diop pointed out. But what about the hair? You know that that is something you can't argue with. And Herodotus said they were not only black skinned, but wooly hair. Those of you who have read or heard about that conference, remember the absurd Abdullah who jumped up when Diop showed that even the melanin content in the mummies when he scraped the mummies and by the way, Diop discovered and it comes out in a very interesting interview with Dr. Finch he had in Senegal this summer that Diop discovered that people had been scraping the mummies before. And they knew. They knew. They never said a word. They kept what they discovered quiet. And when he scraped skin off and he put it in the laboratories, he found that the melanin content in the skin clearly established they were an African race, that you did not find that melanin dosage in the European. And when he begged them to give him just a little square millimeter so that he could study more closely, refused a square inch or so of other mummies, they would not let him have it. When the OP established the blackness of the Egyptians, Abdullah jumped up and said, Even if they're black skinned, they are white. Yes. And it was very important to the European to think so, because he in his arrogance. Had conquered most of the known world. In his arrogance, he had shattered all before him. In his arrogance, he had destroyed other civilizations. Now the Africans invaded Europe to at least three times, but they never destroyed European civilization. They enriched it. This is the great tragedy. Whenever Europe advanced, she stamped her foot. And what she found, the arrogance that led to that contempt that my way is the only way so that those people who call themselves Christians call themselves Christians. Mind you, in the name of our brother, the Christ. They actually europeanizing the Christ used him in his name to enslave us. Right. So that to this day people are very confused, blaming on Christianity. What has nothing to do with the essential Christ, but had to do with the European conception of Christianity or their practice of Christianity, which was to make a mockery of the whole thing so that the life of man great dichotomies occurred in Europe, so that the sensual life of man, the magic, the joy, the sheer joy of being human, of being alive, became mocked in the Spanish Inquisition, where it was forbidden to laugh. That is the absurdity to which a younger people, immature, arrogant because of their insecurities, was to bring the Christian religion. They even crucified their scientists, Galileo and all of these people who suffered because they had the courage to make statements that were not in agreement with the church. The church even banned the study of advanced mathematics as late as the 17th century. It was a capital offense to study advanced mathematics in Europe. Why? Because the Arabs and Africans were doing it. The study, Arabic manuscripts in this language of science was in Arabic at that time. And Arabic, by the way, doesn't belong to the Saudi Arabians. When one talks of Arabic, one is now talking outside of just one race. Arabs are not a race. Okay. You have black Arabs, You have white Arabs, people speaking, Arab Arabs. That is how it was carried. And when the Arabs moved into Africa, they became Africans. And when that first attack was made on Europe by the Muslims, it included a vast number of Africans and Africans were to come out of Africa and continue those movements. But what did the Africans bring to Europe? They did not bring destruction. Obviously, people were killed. All battles end in the killing of people. So Africans killed Europeans too, but they did not enslave them. They did not destroy their cultures. They enrich them. The Moorish thing, the first paved streets in Europe, the first library in Europe were brought by the Africans and Arabs in the Muslim invasion. They brought light, not darkness. They brought a different kind of gentleness to invasion. It did not have the rapacity, the aggression, the murder, the sense that one had to kill in order to be. It was not necessary. This was very alien to the spirit of those invasions. When Hannibal entered Europe, too, he spent there ten years. You cannot see any shattered European statues. Wherever the European is March, he smashed our noses or blown like the Sphinx. Just two two years ago. I was on the telephone in a link up with Cheikh Anta Diop and Gamal Mokhtar, the Egyptian at Unesco in Paris, and we had Egyptian and French translators. And what were we discussing? The fact that in the back room of the British Museum are the splinters of the Sphinx knows. We're trying to get the Egyptians to reclaim it. And why did that happen? Why did the nose always offend them? Because it was the one feature that made us look different from them when they walked into Egypt, the Napoleonic armies and all their arrogance saw not the humbled African that they had reduced into slave. They saw God like African, the Sphinx, the greatest figure, still the largest figure of carving sculpture of a human being. They saw a broad browed, broad nose, broad cheeked, broad lipped, broad chin, God staring down at them with contempt, and they blew off its nose. Or they tried to. This was the beginning of an attack on anything that. Reminded them that the African had once stood on the highest rung of civilization. It was very important to make the slave and later the colonial and the second class citizen in the Americas and throughout the world, the African included, to make him believe that he was an inferior, that the reason why he had not made it as they did, the reason why they had the power and the influence and everything, was because it was ordained, because they were biological inferiors, because they were cursed, because they did not have the genes, the brains in order to be as good as the European. Therefore, the reveal a history that showed that this was just the opposite, that they had built great cities, that they had been involved in technology, not only involved, but they had built the ground floor upon which others were to build that European metaphysics, European philosophical doctrines, European scientific concepts, European machines fed upon inventions. They fed upon the genius of that world, the back of that world. So it wasn't simply muscle. It wasn't simply muscle of the African world that helped to build Europe. It was also the genius. No invasion has ever led so much to the counter invasion as the Greek on the Egyptian. Because although the Greeks physically invaded Egypt, Egypt spiritually invaded Greece, because when the Greeks attacked the Africans, they then began to be profoundly affected and changed by the essence of African thinking. Thus it is that every major Greek thallus of Miletus Democritus Pythagoras Eudoxus marched into Egypt and sat at the foot of Egyptian teachers and learned their doctrines, learned their science. Pythagoras did not initiate the Pythagorean theorem. He merely announced it. All of these people were profoundly affected by Aristotle. All there is a whole range of them. James mentions them in his book. Those people who were profoundly affected. I'm going to touch on various aspects, but let me say something about the James book, and this must stand as a warning about other people who are trying to establish parallels or influences of the African on the European or the Asiatic, etcetera. Please be very careful not to point to simple things which could be done by any people anywhere in the world. James, for example. And that's a brilliant classic, but he has it has weaknesses and many blacks followed this quite blindly and casually. For example, he mentioned the doctrine of the existence of God among the Egyptians, which passed over among the Greeks. That is absolute nonsense. Anyone can think of God, rightly or wrongly, it occurs automatically. You're living in a universe where you're aware of the billions of stars spinning around you. The strange motion of the heavens, the extraordinary mystery of life itself that could occur even to an ape that had nothing to do with the Egyptians passing anything on to the Greeks. You have to be very specific when you're talking about influences, because people blame us to say, Look, you're claiming the blacks began everything and we are not even people. No one is saying that. People are people are people. Man was born in Africa. The first man is therefore an African. There is no question about that. All men therefore be whatever their race, have African ancestors somewhere down the line. That is at the very early stage we are saying we go beyond that. We are not talking simply about man being born in Africa. But that doesn't prove anything because the European says, Look what the mess you made of it. You were born first and you were long last. So it's not an argument necessarily in one's favor. One has to go beyond that. And the evidence points beyond that, that not it wasn't merely a question of man being born in Africa, but the first civilizations were in Africa. The first high cultures were in Africa, the first sciences Advanced sciences were in Africa. And one has to trace in what precise way they were taken out of that African world. And in what precise way did they affect the rest of the world? Because the European likes to claim everything he has claimed everything. And some of the slides you will see today will startle you. I will speak for some time before I come to those slides so as not to cause disruption. But let me touch on a number of things. Agriculture. This was supposed to be the beginnings of high civilization because many people, Europeans and Africans, Asians, were running about hunting for animals. ET cetera. They were in a sort of nomadic state. And then came settlement Agriculture brought this in some cases, some people were so poor off that they merely scratched the soil and remained at that level. But in along the great rivers, particularly the Nile Valley, the Africans built up an incredible civilization. They were the first people in agriculture. Just two years ago in this comes out in the book Blacks and Science, which by the way, is on sale here in Blacks in Science. You have an essay by Randolph Sheldon Close, the team that went out and discovered that at Wadi Cubana in ancient Egypt 18,000 years ago at Wadi Kubani and at Wadi Toshka Nubia in the Sudan, blacks were cultivating crops scientifically. They had entered the area of crop science that was not thought to have come to the world until 7000 years later. In other words, all other civilizations, be they European, Asiatic or Asiatic, America, was not. Oh, yes, there were Americans because they had crossed the Bering Straits by then. All civilizations, be they African, Asiatic or American, were not. Yet at that stage, Africans had entered what is known as the Neolithic phase, the phase of agriculture. They found a mortar and pestle. 18,000 years old. The first mortar and pestle in the world for grinding corn. For grinding. Corn is found in Nubia and in Egypt. Their medicine startles us the quality of their medicine. You will see a picture of him hotep. And when you see his picture, you would have to be blind. More than color blind. You would have to be truly blind. The question whether he's an African or not and he comes straight out of that great third dynasty where the first enormous pyramid was built. He was known as Imhotep's Imhotep. He was known as Otus among the Greeks. He was worshiped. And in fact, you will see Asclepius, the European holding an African stick. He's the god of healing among the Greeks, and he's holding an African stick with the African snake crawling up the stick there. That is not Greek at all. That is not Greek at all. Even when I was in East Africa, I was given a stick with the snake by chief in Hema. The second as a gift. I came to New York and I fell asleep in the bus. That was my first experience of New York. I never saw it again. I like to think it went back to Africa. Their medical papyri. It is not true that we have no books. Fortunately for us, apart from the fact that there still are papyri that is books, because books were not made in squares as they are made today. That happened after the 15th century. They were rolled up papyri, often laboriously written out. ET cetera. All over the world. But apart from the medical papyri that exists, apart from the books that the texts that still exist, the good thing about Africans is that they wrote everywhere. Those of you who've been to Egypt will note that Africans wrote everywhere and they didn't do it like how they do it in the New York subway. They wrote intelligently, but they wrote everywhere. There are at least ten medical texts that survive, and the two most important are the Ebers Papyrus and Edwin Smith papyrus. And the these papyri are quite astonishing considering their age. The Ebers papyrus, for example, which is 1500 years before Christ. That is about 3500 years ago, written by Africans 3500 years ago has chapters on intestinal disease, helminthiasis, ophthalmology, dermatology, gynecology, obstetrics, pregnancy, diagnosis, contraception, dentistry, surgical treatments of abscesses, tumors, fractures and burns. Chapters on movement of the heart, the pulse, diagnostic percussion. We are supposed to be the witch doctors. Commenting on this he says, in fact, the papyrus. And he speaks now about the Edwin Smith papyrus, which occurs earlier and which is not as complex as the Ebers Papyrus, which records 1500 B.C., the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which is 2600 B.C., which is about 5000 years ago. He says of it, This papyrus proves the existence of an objective and scientific medicine devoid of theories and magic, except in one case, and based on the attentive and repeated observation of the patient on bedside experience and on a hitherto unsuspected knowledge of anatomy. So even in that very early stage, you find quite unusual kind of medicine occurring. Dr. Finch, Dr. Newsome had written about early doctors, and Dr. Finch takes it further. Let me say something about what emerges from the new semester, which you will see in blacks and Science, where he speaks of the fact that Imhotep is the true father of medicine. He emerges as a multi genius, an architect and engineer, a doctor. ET cetera. But there are 1 or 2 people before him. There is a woman, a chief physician called Prichette. There is there is the first what he believes to be the first what is suggested to be the first man called Athetis who wrote books on anatomy. He was the son of Minis, the first great Pharaoh. But we have not found the books. They have not found the books. But this Imhotep was an extraordinary man. He lived around 2009 80 BC during the reign of Susa of the third dynasty, and he was the first man to take the pyramid to the Heights. He was the first to make the these enormous things out of hewn stone. And he built this incredible step pyramid. He was a he became worshiped as a deity by both Africans and Europeans. And in fact, later on, he was not only identified with Asclepius, the European God of healing, but then he was later identified with Christ, even though he was clearly very black. It's very strange how Christ a brother. And I'm not commenting because we do not know what kind of mixtures he had in American terms. He would be called black. But it's very strange how that brother was given golden hair and blue eyes and eventually became not the gentle father that could have saved us, but almost was turned into a figure that could mock us so that I remembered as a boy crying when a friend of mine, I was a young man then I was about 20. And I even then, even though I believed in European superiority, because we were trained to believe in that and we were trained at that time. I had never read anything about Africans except Tarzan. This boy turned to me and he said, you know, why are we fighting? You know? We could never beat the white man. Even Christ is white. Even God is white. And I mean I mean, I cried. I couldn't. I mean, because I couldn't question that at the time that God must have known the white man was superior, that he chose to appear in a white form. This is how we thought of it. And this is before they did it with great deliberateness. They knew they had to make him white. Everything had to be made European so that the man they conquered could no longer have qualms and doubts he could feel. Look, why should I question these people? Truly, they are superior. Not only are they more powerful and wealthy than I am, but even God chose them. They are the chosen people. God chose them because even His prophets are white. Even the man he sent as a messenger is white. How could he be white? Even the Messiah comes the Messiah. Egyptian, the anointed. He in in in in Matthew chapter two, verse 15. He says, out of Egypt, I have called my son. That could be translated two ways. Either that he was originally Egyptian, which I don't think he was, but he was sent to Egypt. When Herod started the tremendous persecution, Christ was smuggled into Egypt and Christ grew up in Egypt. And when he said, Out of Egypt, I have called my son, he was calling him back for the mission, but he was educated in Egypt. He was childhood was in Egypt. He lived in the village of Marathia, near Hierakonpolis. Therefore, he is profoundly affected by Egyptian teachings. He was to give a personal lightning and particularity to his preaching so that you can't just say, Oh, because he there is a cynicism in his teaching that he's in sin because Christ, because of his extraordinary personal lightning and magic, was able to invest a special quality to what he taught. Those men are beyond race because Muhammad was no Arab, Muhammad was nearly killed by the Arabs. He was an Arab in race. Or if an Arab is a race, Arab is not a race. But he was among the Saudi Arabians. He grew up that was part of his flesh and blood. But he fought against everything that was Arab, just like Christ. Christ fought against everything that was Jewish, although he was a Jew. And when I say everything that was Jewish, I mean everything that was that had distorted everything that was Jewish, that was tribal and clannish. And materialistic. He fought against those values. That is why the high priest. Wanted to turn him over to the Romans and kill him. The Romans didn't think he was important. Just a little barefoot carpenter who had made a bit of a noise somewhere, healing people and making a lot of working wonders. They wondered why the fuss. But the Jews were out to get him because he was not behaving the way they wanted him to behave. He went into the church and raised them out. He had no stupid idea that because this is a church, you could make it into anything you please. The hardest was the house of God for him. Therefore, what was holy was the truth is not putting on nice clothes and making nice noises and swinging incense to the church makes you holy. I think it is important that we should reinterpret Christ, the brother, because many people have turned away from Christianity under the assumption that it is European. The reason why the Europeans found it so difficult to be Christians is because true Christianity was alien to what was happening in Europe. That is why Hitler. Eventually emerged the Antichrist. It was an opposition to all the all the values that Christ presented, Christ upturned, Christ upturned the Roman ideas about what was right and what was wrong. The Europeans, for example, felt this arrogance, this pride was very important. Christ said, No, it is the humble man. It is the meek who shall inherit the earth. They felt the great wealth would make them rise to the top of the heap. Christ said, No. The rich man is as hard for the rich man to enter my heaven as it is for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle. He turned everything upside down. So that he challenged the values. That is why he became a candidate for assassination, because he was a rebel. He was not the kind of thing that they lock up now in the church and where the pope could start stand above the vast horror and poverty of the world and make a lot of simple platitudinous statements and think that he's close to God. Some of the things that those popes have done. If Christ was alive, he would have whipped them. Let me leave that alone for a while. Let me come back to Egypt. Yet. I am in Egypt because this has to do with Egypt. It is not just science, because in those days, the concept of the universe, the concept of man, the purity of the individual, the power within man had to do with science. Religion and science, therefore, in that pure and absolute sense, were connected and inseparable. That is why it is so hard to separate these things. When one comes back to the primal source, one begins to see why these things are not separable but integrated. But to come back to the medicine, Dr. Finch points out in his essay that they may have had some form of a socialized medicine. This is extremely interesting because their medical services were open to all. The doctors were paid by the state, and you find that they had an advanced and detailed knowledge of neuroanatomy. The structure and function of the cardiovascular system, unsurpassed skills in bandaging, which we know nobody could bandage. Even today like the Egyptians when they bandage, you are properly bandaged. Your bondage for thousands of years because Princess Minnie in 1963 at the University of Oklahoma, they took cells out of her hand and found that they were so well preserved that it just one other step they could have been put in a solution and transplanted. It was they had reached that extraordinary stage of development. The chemistry of mummification is quite extraordinary. also had specialist guilds. They were the first people to introduce high specialization in medicine. They had a doctor for every organ, and they did this as early as the old kingdom, many, many thousands of years ago. Then they moved towards a more generalized medicine, and then they turned back to specialization, as Dr. Finch points out, in the Ptolemaic period. When we come to deal with pyramids, and that is a long story. But let me point to a few things about the pyramids. Today I will show you an unusual method by which the Egyptians were able to illuminate the tunnels and chambers on the ground, that they built certain connections, certain shafts that link up with certain stars, and they had metal reflectors. And when the star shone on the metal reflector, it would be reflected up on the wall, hitting out, reflecting. This would go right through their tunnels and chambers. So they had a light source from the sun. Not the candle because they were always astonished. How come? Could the Egyptians draw these marvelous paintings far on the ground in chambers that normally would be too dark? And if you lit a candle, the candle would have less smudges on the wall. There was no evidence of the candle grease or the candle smoke in those paintings. And they wondered how come they found the smokeless light source? But they were already making use of the sun through reflection. They were running it through the light of the sun. They were running it through the ground in all of those complex mazes and chambers. One will also point to the method they used to move the great stones, the ramps, the levers, building up the one story, the scaling ladders, which they didn't think they have. They're scaling ladders with wheels. There are evidence of the ramps and levers there, evidence of them moving. There is one stone they left in the quarry, which was 1100, 1618 tons. The largest stone ever moved successfully here in the Americas is 217 tons. And the astonishing thing is that the Americans were found to be moving the stones, which they hadn't moved before. When they started to move heavy stones, they were using the identical method of the Egyptians. What is also strange, too, that the Americans had developed in Peru, you will see at saksaywaman. You will see what is known as fitted megalithic masonry, where you have enormous blocks of stone, sometimes with ten sides. Everything here has four sides in this room. Almost. That's the standard method of building. Everything is standard in squares. But in Egypt and in parts of ancient South America, you will find blocks which have many sides, not four. And you want to know how on earth could they know how to fit blocks with eight sides onto a block another block and they're going to do it without mortar and you can't put a hair in between those blocks. And now they have when they were among the Incas, the Spaniards, the Incas told them that their ancestors had discovered a method, the use of certain red leaves that could soften stone and said, you know, that is impossible. But recently scientists have discovered and let me quote it because it's an extraordinary name Scientists have discovered something called polyhydroxy poly carbohydrate. Poly carbohydrate. I can't see it with out my glasses, but it comes out of certain plants and it has the effect of softening the stone. That these people had come upon a science of of of linking these things together, of softening the stone, of being able to weather it and so that they could work it easily, something that we don't know how to do now. There were various areas they had entered in science. The movement of those stones still mystify us because although we have seen them, there are enormous barges in which they're moving incredible things, things that broke the modern cranes when when the Aswan Dam was being built and all the teams rushed down, the archeological teams rushed down to try and save some of the things in Africa. They found they couldn't move them. They could not move them. The Americans, the nuclear agency in America went and studied how the how the Egyptians used move the enormous statue across the desert, and they built up the same kind of rollers and and ramps, etcetera, and moved it because they discovered, in spite of all their sophisticated technology, that was the best method of moving it on the desert sand. They moved a nuclear reactor on the desert sand using Egyptian methods just a few years ago in Gary. You'll see a picture where the Egyptians have some peculiar oil. We don't know what it is, but when they throw it on the ground, it allows enormous objects to move as if they're sliding across the ice. You will see pictures of that with all of these men. And they're moving these logs in as fast as as the statues moved across one. They move, they fitted enough, they fit another. ET cetera. These guys were able to lift 50 ton stones and put them on the top of skyscrapers without being a fraction of an inch off the Great Pyramid. The Great Pyramid is half the height of the Empire State Building, and yet it takes up 12 blocks of Manhattan, 13.1 acres. And in spite of its enormous size, so great a size, in fact, that it is pointed out that if you broke the stone into one foot cubes, it would circle two thirds of this planet. The materials in that single great pyramid. The one foot cubes would circle two thirds of this planet. It is so large that it could hold Westminster Abbey, Saint Paul's Cathedral, the major European cathedrals of Florence, Milan, Saint Peter's Basilica of Rome. They still be room for more. Yet is done with enormous precision. The right angles at each corner of the base. Line up the walls perfectly with the four cardinal points. It's accurate within 0.07%. The north base is 755.44. The South Bay. 755.88. East Base is 755.77. The West incredible mathematical problem to make it so perfect that when it comes to that point, the sides are perfectly aligned. It takes great mathematics to do that. And because the kind of mathematics, the kind of engineering skill, the kind of architectural genius that it calls for, seems to be beyond that of ancient people. All sorts of theories have been advanced recently about spacemen coming down to build the pyramids, etcetera. What on earth are they going to do with that? And some people seem to think that that's a marvelous theory. ET cetera. And von Daniken and people like him do not take into account the slow, careful evolution of mathematics among the Egyptian Egyptians. The Africans did not just jump like that. They have an evolution of mathematics. You can see their mathematics slowly developed over the centuries. You could see the pyramid developing. You could see the mastaba, you could see the them introducing new rooms on the ground. You could see them building pyramids that have as much underneath as above. They much. They have as much. They have certain pyramids that have as much ground excavated underneath as above. And you see that the slow process until the genius Imhotep takes it a step further. And then after step pyramids, they start to build the true pyramid with steps as a superstructure. I want to point that out because one of the things that have been used against me when I was attacked in the New York Times, they said I cannot distinguish step pyramids from true pyramids. That was the quote from the man who attacked me, the Walt Disney professor of Cambridge, Glen Daniels, a man whose only claim to fame is having written some detective short stories in the manner of Ellery Queen. Never went to Africa, never did any archeology in pre-Columbian. pre-Columbian America knows nothing about the subject. He happens to be white. He happens to be a Cambridge professor. He's the head. He edits a magazine which he never sees. The general editor and general in a very general sense indeed, because he doesn't even know what is in his own magazine. Because if he had read his own magazine, which he added, he would have seen the contradiction to his argument about certain things. This is the kind of thing that we face again and again. And I warn you, do not make idle claims. You must always have backup. You must always be very specific, because the Egyptians, even when they started to build a true pyramid, which is like that which has no step, when you X-ray the pyramid, you find the steps inside. They actually built the steps first and then filled them up to build the cone. So they never lost conception of the steps. And even in the Nubian period, the 25th Dynasty, when they started to build pyramids again, which they hadn't done for two centuries before or they hadn't done for a long time, since 1600 BC, they hadn't done pyramid building. They started it again around 800 BC and they built miniature step and true pyramids. They couldn't build the great pyramids that they had built in earlier times. Why? Because in the early time when the Africans were built in those extraordinary monuments, they were at peace. They had conquered all around them. They were had no threat from the invaders. The European were sitting quietly chewing his cud in Europe. In the 25th dynasty, they couldn't do that. There was war. The sound of war all over. The Syrians were attacking. They captured the Jews. The blacks saved the Jews in 701 BC, and the blacks appeared in Jerusalem and the Syrians were crushed under Taharqa, who had not yet been King. Hezekiah, the king of the Jews, was wondering where he should surrender to the Syrians until, as the Bible says, in kings, you know. And then they heard say of Taharqa, Behold, I have come out to fight against thee. And then the Assyrians were defeated and the Jews were saved. Because at that time and bear that in mind, there was a very close association because many of the Jews were blacks anyway, they were brothers. It is only within recent times that most of the Jews have become Europeans. The Jew is not a race. Bear that in mind. There are black Jews and there are white Jews. There are different changing political situations that have caused the extraordinary situation that we find today. I don't want to comment on that. To come to other aspects that are very important. The machines, they had machines like the Marquette and I have a picture here. I've been looking at the book, The Lost Discoveries, and discovering to myself the reason why they're lost because they're in the wrong book. guy is taking things that are Egyptian and putting Caucasoid faces on the discoverers. You see the Marquette and they're right in the heart of Egypt on the black African sun. Okay. All right. Let me change that phrase under an African sun. Under the African sun and they're with this machine test doing with the plumb line, etcetera, are marking off the north south, establishing this north south line and the caucasoid faces totally All they have is a tan skin. They they have they don't have and there's nothing African about them. All of his discoveries have caucasoid faces. He got there is a machine. There's a man called hero or heroine in the Alexandrian world, when even in the Alexandrian world, African genius and technology still predominated. Even in the Alexandrian world when the Greeks had come in. The reason why they had built Alexandria in Africa was because it was close to African science and genius. Why didn't they go back to Europe and build it there? Those were the people who were teaching at the time. And he takes heroin and makes him into European heroin, invented a model temple. When you go to the altar and you turn on. Look, look at the time, you know, 300 years before Christ, when the priest goes to the altar and he lights a fire. The doors open and the congregation comes in when the service is coming to an end. The fire starts to go down, the doors begin to close, you leave, and when the fire outs the doors close automatically, you can imagine what it is to do something like that. Then he invented the pneumatic organ, which you will see all these things and talking about you will see in the slides. He also invented the first steam engine. And do you know what was the principle of power for that steam engine? Jet propulsion. Jet propulsion. And they're calling this Greek, the Alexandrian period, Greek, that this is a Greek. There is no that is no nothing Greek about heroine or hero. You look at their obelisks. Those were not just monuments like that. The obelisks had shadows, the true shadows on the ground at certain times of the day. You could mark it off. I have seen a shadow clock in Belgium. You could tell the day with up to five minutes. And this is long before Christ, you know, these tremendous objects. And you could see from the shadow, you could measure it, and then you could start cutting into minutes. ET cetera. You could cut it down like a clock. They built the shadow clock. They built the water clock. They built the sundials. ET cetera. It is, said Ben Pappademas did his study, and he's a Greek physicist who showed the enormous debt the Greeks owed to the Egyptians. Pappademas pointed to the fact that Archimedes, his brother, his they claim to be the inventor of the lever, but he must admit it was the black Imhotep who was the master of the lever, an inclined plane long before the Greeks. He pointed to the fact that the Egyptians were centrally head in mining and metallurgy and metal alloying, metal fabrication wires and rivets, glass complex irrigation systems, shipbuilding. And when we come to ships, they had 3000 years of shipbuilding. Someone was pointing out to me on my way here that they have found a ship, a tremendous boat built by the Egyptians, which the priests use, and that after they put this enormous boat up, they would pull it. The pieces. It was all fitted in a certain way. We could pull it to pieces and fit it back again. Extrodinary science that existed among these people. They had also started to do things in the camera. They didn't carry it very far. But most important, they started to do things with airplanes. I have a picture here of the first model of a glider. I have no knowledge or proof that it was powered, that it had a power source, but it was a glider. And as I have told you before, this glider is found in the museum. It was put there in 1896. It was found at Saqqara and the Europeans put it in the museum and labeled it the bird. That is a model of a bird until Carlisle Mishra, who knows about aeronautics, discovered that birds have legs and this doesn't and that birds do not have reverse dihedral wings and that birds have feathers. And this doesn't. And there are several features. Birds have different kinds of tails. And this one had its tail missing, but it had evidence of a rudder attached. Do you know that since that discovery, they have found 14 models of airplanes and one of them has been found in America? And it doesn't have South American inscriptions. It's not Egyptian either. But one of them has been found in Colombia, a gold airplane, a gold model of an airplane.. These things point to a movement, you see. It wasn't just simply bits and pieces because these people were getting into everything. They were the first people to invent the shower bath. Do you know that the Egyptians had shower baths? The Europeans did not have shower baths until very late in the day. I know about European bathing because I have lived in Europe. English people bed on Friday night. Some of them I remembered once, I think it was Churchill or one of them was boasting for how long they had done without the bath. They just hit their face and that's it. The that was one of the extraordinary things that was noted in the Muslim part of Europe, the Arab African dominated part of Europe. The extraordinary cleanliness of the people. The Africans introduced baths in Europe. Things are so astonishing when you hear things like that. We, the dirty people. We're the illiterates who created the first script. The barefoot people who created the first machine to mass produce shoes. The clock. We the time. We are the people who do not know how to keep time. Do you know the first clock invented this country was by Benjamin Banneker, a black. One can speak at great length on many things. Next week, I'm going to introduce you. To my visit to NASA. The various things I learned or didn't learn there. Today, I will show you some slides, just fleetingly, of me with Dr. Colonel Gregory, who will be the first black pilot of a space shuttle. He wouldn't just be a member of the crew like Colonel Bluford. He would actually pilot the space shuttle. And you will also see me with Colonel Bolden, who will be going up in 1985. I will also introduce you to many aspects of African American science and other aspects of science throughout the world. I'm about to move now into slides where I could show you some of these things I've been talking about before. I do that, however, I want you to note what an enormous debt. It wasn't just the question of technology's burgeoning in Egypt, but coalescing in such a way that something very unusual began to happen. It is as if we were at that stage of history where we had become to feel almost something, focusing in ourselves, that it became a beam and a light. That was a period in which it would have been impossible for any invader to have destroyed us. Let me say this. You may not know it. This looks like a dark period, but this is a period in which. It is possible for the soul of the European to be subverted because he is filled in spite of his surface arrogance. He is filled with enormous doubt. The certitudes of the past, the certainties with which he has ruled, no longer have the stability they once had. It is in this period. That these values, which we learn by going back to our ancestors, can not only make us a new whole people and lift us out of the illness and fragmentation of the past. It can also invade the European, even as the Egyptian did. Bear that in mind. It is trough this. is because of this. That one goes back into history. Because there is lightning in history. There is submerged lightning, there is buried power there. It is as if one is coming back to a source, not just to the source of origins, not just the origins, but to the source of original power, because the human being is the source of power. When you're dead, you're nothing. You're just bones and flesh. ET cetera. You may have a spirit, but it is gone somewhere else. But when you are alive, you contain fantastic energies. You are also millions of years old. You are not 41 or 40 8 or 16. You are millions of years old and you are carrying powers that link you up with the whole universe. If those powers are understood and they can be understood through a relinking. They can be understood through a linking with the power source of the ancestors because the gene does not die, it runs on. It is something that runs out of those centuries. 10,000 years is nothing in the history of the universe. It took millions of years to make us. 500 years is nothing. We are not destroyed. How can we stand in this room and speak like this in spite of 500 years of slavery and colonization? It shows that the spirit of man is imperishable. There is a golden thread that runs through the human soul that cannot be cut. We cannot be. We were cut once, but it's only through our folly that we can remain cut from our ancestors. We have to link that thread again, a thread that not only links us to the past, to our fathers and our forefathers and our grandfathers, but the thread that links us to all of our family throughout the world. When we can do that, a beam of light springs out of our lives. First our individual lives, then our group lives that will not only affect the black race and redeem it, but will subvert the race that has in its attempt to destroy us, begun to destroy itself. Thank you very much.

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